Summary here.

The statistics of daily trauma.

New survey data finds the Iraqi public demonstrates the highest levels of intolerance of foreigners and other social out-groups out of 80 countries for which data is available, along with extraordinarily high levels of ethnic solidarity.…

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In addition to recent terrorism and the instability following the 2003 invasion the authors consider the impact of Saddam Hussein’s repressive rule, which differentially affected ethnic groups in Iraq. Broadly speaking, “the Arab regions of Iraq show levels of xenophobia that are almost twice as high as those found in the Kurdish region”–even as the Kurds still show “one of the world’s highest levels of xenophobia” compared to other countries.

Since 9/11 thousands of lives have been lost to terrorist attacks around the world. More than half these deaths have been in Iraq, leading to “widespread feelings that life has become unpredictable and society is falling apart” as well as “a severe sense of existential insecurity” on the part of the Iraqi public. Accordingly, 59% of all Iraqis strongly agree that life in Iraq is unpredictable and dangerous today.

The full impact of this collective trauma is evident in the survey data. “The Iraqi public,” state the authors, “reject foreigners to a degree that is virtually unknown in other societies throughout the world, including more than a dozen predominantly Islamic countries.” Accordingly, 90% of all Iraqis reject Americans or British as neighbors, compared to an international median of 16% who reject foreign neighbors. Surprisingly, 90% of Iraqis reject French neighbors as well–despite the strong objections of the French to the invasion of Iraq–including approximately 51% of Kurds and 90% of Arab Iraqis.

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The current high levels of insecurity have led to the marginalization of other out-groups such as women: 93% of Arab Iraqis and 72% of Kurds agree that men make better political leaders. In addition, adherence to traditional values such as loyalty and conformity is also extremely high today. Obedience, instead of individual autonomy, is emphasized more strongly by Iraqis than in any of the other 80 societies measured. Furthermore, “fully 97% of Arab Iraqis say that religion is important in their lives” and Arab Iraqis also ranked among the world’s highest in terms of the rejection of atheists as political leaders. Kurdish Iraqis also exhibited internationally high levels of religiosity and adherence to traditional values, albeit less than their Arab compatriots. Article